(2023) Systems Thinking in Chemistry and Chemical Education: A Framework for Meaningful Conceptual Learning and Competence in Chemistry

Halil Tümay,

J. Chem. Educ. 2023, 100, 10, 3925–3933,

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00474,

This article examines the philosophy of chemistry, chemistry education literature and chemists’ reflections on chemical practice, to argue that systems thinking is a key aspect of the discipline, characterized by a cyclical process of (1) modelling systems, (2) prediction, (3) retrospection. Using these cycles and by modelling key aspects of systems, this article also discusses how systems thinking can be implemented into chemistry education.