Sophia Mambrey, Justin Timm, Jana Julia Landskron and Philipp Schiemann,
Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2020, 57(10),1632-1651,
DOI: 10.1002/tea.21649,
This article examines the impact of system-specific characteristics on the skills and levels of system thinking demonstrated by students within an ecological context. Using an Item Response Theory approach, the authors were able to identify and validate three key system thinking skills that are essential for understanding complex ecological systems: identifying system organization, analyzing system behavior, and system modeling.